A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the Oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Example The study of the oceans has enabled the understanding of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes. At a general broad prospect, oceanography is divided into the following branches: 1. Biological oceanography This refers to the study of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists study the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shore lines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earth’s crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the ocean’s physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems. 2. Chemical oceanography (Marine Chemistry) This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans. 3. Marine Geology ( Geological oceanography) This refers to the study of the geology of the ocean floor with regards to the paleoceanography and the plate tectonics. 4. Physical Oceanography (Marine Physics) This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature; as well as under water acoustics and sound transmission. In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America’s Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration strategy by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the marine ecosystems and the Americans living within the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of oceanography with views on the related impacts to the ocean and its environs. Reiss describes offshore oil exploration, which generally involves operations beyond three miles from the shoreline. This exploration has been especially facilitated by the continuous recession of ice at the coast of Alaska due to the changes in weather and climate patterns, a region that has been for many years covered by ice. Amongst other challenges of offshore exploration is the control of the dynamic changes in the temperatures and pressures when drilling across the rock formations in their strata deep beneath the ocean that may result in to dangerous oil-well blowouts that emit a buoyant plume of oil, produced water and natural gas. The ice recession at Arctic is a concern of the oceanography which tries to look into the prospective repercussions of offshore oil drilling activities on to the local and global climate. It also tries to explain the possible impacts on the surrounding environment as the ice continue to disappear. This phenomenon has been occasioned by global

Run a Better Business with Accounting Essay Example for Free

Run a Better Business with Accounting Essay Accountants are a crucial part to my business success. The key is finding the right professional to provide the services that my business needs to advance. ( http://www. wahm. com, paragraph 1) I as a business owner/manager must educate myself on the questions to ask and the services that will help me achieve my goals. I realize that it can become a little overwhelming, but here are 5 things you need to consider before you hire that accountant. ) Does the accountant demonstrate the ability to help find ways to get you financial gain? 2) Will the accountant be accurate and trustworthy? 3) Is the accountant up to date with their own taxable responsibilities? 4) What tools does the accountant harbor that will help you in your financial gains and losses? 5) Does the accountant’s references hold credibility? These are crucial questions to use when searching for the right financial advice and planning. The accountant or accounting classes are crucial to keep finances, documents, and records balanced, as well as being organized. It is proof for the operation of any business. Financial statements show the physical numbers of the cash flow and losses, they also make it easier to prove to a bank if ever a loan is needed. (http://www. oakhillbp. com paragraph 2) Having an accountant or the skills of one is beneficial and highly crucial to keep your business clear and clean for government and mind. The three other reasons accounting knowledge is helpful to a business owner or a person starting his/hers business are knowing where the money is going to be used on. Knowing what your cash flow is and how much you have in bank accounts here in the states or over seas Of all the troubled businesses I have looked at, I have never seen one that had a good up-to-date small business accounting system in place. Good accounting may have kept them out of trouble all along. And yet, it is one of the single most important aspects of starting up and operating your small business.

Netware Salvage Utility :: essays research papers

NetWare SALVAGE Utility One of NetWares most useful utilities is the Salvage utility, which is kind of a trade secret. One day a user will delete a couple of files or a complete directory accidentally, of course, and it will be the job of the LAN administrator to save the day because the files were the company's financial statements and they are due in a meeting yesterday. The NetWare 3.12 and 4.X SALVAGE utility is the extremely useful and sophisticated tool to recover these files. NetWare retains deleted files in the volume were the files originally resided. There they continue to pile up until the deleted files completely saturate this volume. When the volume becomes full with these images of the deleted files, the system begins purging, starting with the files that have been deleted for the longest period of time. The only exception to this, is files or directories that have been tagged with the purge attribute. As you can imagine these hidden deleted files can quickly eat up the space on a hard drive and the administrator will need to keep an eye on these so that the system is not unduly slowed down by the system purging to make room for saved and working files. These deleted files can also be purged manually with the SALVAGE utility, which is a great way to make sure that a file you don't want others to see is completely removed from the system!!! For a user or administrator to retrieve a file using SALVAGE, the create right (right to edit and read a directory area or file) must be assigned to the directory in which the file resides. If the directory still exists, the files are put back into the directory from which they were deleted. If the file being salvaged has the same name as a file that already exists, then a prompt will be presented to rename the file being salvaged. Since NetWare keeps track of the files by date and time several versions of the file may accumulate. When a directory is deleted, the method for recovery is a bit different. NetWare does not keep track of the directories, only the files. These files are stored in a hidden directory called DELETED.SAV. This directory exist in every volume on a network. The supervisor must go to this directory where the desired files can be copied to other directories to be completely recovered. Now that you have a simple explanation of the way the system works, lets look at the actual graphic user interface (GUI) that comes up when you type SALVAGE at

Histogram

Aim: To study histogram, its processing and thresholding using histogram Theory: The histogram of an image with intensity levels in the range O to L-1, where L-1 is the last intensity value in an image(e. g. 255 in gray scale image) is a discrete function h(rk)=nk where rk is the kth intensity value and nk is the number of pixels in the image with intensity rk. It is common practice to normalize a histogram by dividing each of its components by the total number of pixels in the image, denoted by the product MN, where M and N are the row and column dimensions of the image. Thus normalized histogram is given by p(rk)=nk/M*N, for .P(rk) is nothing but probability of occurrence of intensity level rk in the image. The sum of all components of a normalized histogram is equal to 1 . Histogram processing: Global Processing: Histogram Equalization: Image enhancement techniques are used to improve an image, where â€Å"improve† is sometimes defined objectively (e. g. , increase the sign al-to-noise ratio), and sometimes subjectively (e. g. , make certain features easier to see by modifying the colors or intensities). Intensity adjustment is an image enhancement technique hat maps an image's intensity values to a new range.You can adjust the intensity values in an image using the imadJust function, where you specify the range of intensity values in the output image. this code increases the contrast in a low- contrast grayscale image by remapping the data values to fill the entire intensity range [0255 in case of grayscale image]. The process of adjusting intensity values can be done automatically by the histeq function. histeq performs histogram equalization, which involves transforming the intensity values so that the histogram of the output image approximately matches a specified histogram.By default, histeq tries to match a flat histogram with 64 bins, but you can specify a different histogram instead. In, general if r is original variable and s is transformed va riable, Let pr(r) and PS(s) denote PDFS of r and s and subscripts on p indictes that pr and ps are different functions in general. A fundamental result from basic probability theory is that if pr(r) and T(r) is known and T(r) is continuous and differential over the range of values of interest, then the PDF of the transformed variable s can be obtained using the simple formula Ps(s)=pr(r)mod(dr/ds).Local Processing: There are cases in which it is necessary to enhance details over small areas in an image. The solution is to devise transformation functions based on the intensity distributions in a neighborhood of every pixel in the image. The procedure is to define a neighborhood and move its center from pixel to pixel. At each location, the histogram of the points in the neighborhood is computed and either a histogram equalization or histogram specification transformation is obtained. This function is then used to map the intensity of the pixel centered in the neighborhood.The center ot the neighborh egion is procedure is repeated. Histogram Thresholding: then m to an ad Jacent pixel location and t Image segmentation can be done using histogram thresholding. It involves partitioning an image into regions that are similar according to a predefined criterion. Suppose that the gray-level histogram corresponds to an image, f(x,y), composed of dark objects in a light background, in such a way that object and background pixels have gray levels grouped into two dominant modes. One obvious way to extract the objects from the background is to select a threshold T that separates these modes.Then any point (x,y) for which ; T is called an object point, otherwise, the point is called a background point. If two dominant modes characterize the image histogram, it is called a bimodal histogram. Only one threshold is enough for partitioning the image. If an image is composed of two types of light objects on a dark background, three or more dominant modes characterize the image histogram. In such a case the histogram has to be partitioned by multiple thresholds. Multilevel thresholding classifies a point (x,y) as belonging to one object class and to the background if T and G2 consisting of pixels with values

Young Generation in New Era

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume that they know best far the simple reason that they have lieen around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional polities or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their pexsonal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the ratrace? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn' t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old – if they are prepared to admit it-coutd learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not â€Å"sinful†.Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis orr the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of t.he generaiion that bequeathed it?II. Read Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.1. Problems of the YoungMore than 20 Chinese and Ameri can experts discovered that young people of both countries are facing the same probiems of economic and social pressures and lack of confidence. Wayne Meisel, director of the Campus Outreach Opportunity League of Minnesota University, said that under economic pressure American young people have to work hard and most students have to take part-time work in order to support themselves.â€Å"Young people today, ?he said, â€Å"are stereotyped as apathetic, selfcentred, and concerned only with making money and getting ahead.† In these circumstances, he said, young people lack confidence,whicb was not the case in the 1960s when young Americans thought themselves capable of doing anything. In spite of the different conditions in China, Li Xuequan, director of the, higher education section of the All-China Youth Federation, said Chinese young people are alsc facing economic pressure and are worried about iriflation and corruption. Trading has appeared in many Chinese universities a s students with something to sell try to make money on campus.Moreover, Li said, college students have begun to doubt whether what they are learning in class will help them find work,as many businesses totally ignore students of pure theory. So people describe students as â€Å"a lost generation tired of study†, regardless of the causes in society that are shaking their confidence.